Appendix A Additional parameters

Appendix A shows the effects of the additional parameters on the image geometry. The reference area is a photo format of 230 mm * 230 mm.

The parameters 1 to 24 have been developed similar to Bauer, Müller and Jacobsen. Contrarily to the formulation which had also been used in BINGO until version 3.3, they have been considerably enhanced. So this new formulation avoids e.g. strong distortions in the photo centre, radial symmetric effects are only included in the parameters mentioned below.

The parameters 25 and 26 as well as the parameters 35 and 36 offer an alternative to the parameters 7 and 8. The main differences to the parameters 7 and 8 are the intersection points of the distortion curve with the r-axis. Therefore the parameters 25 and 26 as well as 35 and 36 are more useful for rectangular photo formats and the parameter 7 and 8 more for squared photo formats. The parameters 9 and 10 should only be used with square photo formats.

The parameters 27 to 30 had been included into BINGO for applications with the SPOT-satellite. The user may test these parameters as well for other applications.

The parameters 7, 8, 9, 10, 25, 26, 35 and 36 have radial symmetric effects. Simultaneous use of parameter 7 and 8 on the one hand together with 25 and 26 or 35 and 36 on the other hand should only be done with extreme caution.

The parameters 3 to 6, as well as 27 and 29 include small global image shifts. Therefore the position of the principle point should be carried along as unknown as well, if these parameters are included in the adjustment. This is especially valid when known coordinates of the project centres are considered at the same time, as e.g. from GPS-measurements.

In the following, first the radial symmetric effects of the parameters are laid out and then effects, related to the whole image area.

With BINGO 6.6 a new radial symmetric parameter 39 has been introduced. It is specially designed for semi-metric cameras.