Preface

BINGO is a modern and efficient program system for combined photogrammetric geodetic point determination. It can be used for aerial triangulation with large blocks as well as for the terrestrial photogrammetry and the three-dimensional adjustment of geodetic networks.

The initial aim of BINGO development in the years about 1980 was to process photogrammetric geodetic networks for engineering applications of photogrammetry. For this reason a special emphasis was put on a rigorous mathematical model, flexible application possibilities of the functions and a differentiated stochastic model. These principles have been followed during the development of standard aerial triangulation and consideration of the kinematic GPS/IMU-positioning. Despite of the wide range of possibilities the program is still easy to handle, as the enclosed example data show.

The aim of this manual is to describe in detail all parameters and data possible for BINGO. The user itself shall then be able to assemble the data and parameter for his application on his own. To support the user additionally, the enclosed example data show very different applications and the assembly of the necessary data. This manual doesn’t teach basic knowledge in adjustment or photogrammetry. Furthermore it doesn’t provide any "standard recipes" for all possible applications of this software.

For taking advantage of all the possibilities given by BINGO, an additional qualified introduction into the program system is highly recommended.